How are antagonist (nondepolarizing) neuromuscular blockers primarily administered?

Antagonist (nondepolarizing) neuromuscular blockers are primarily administered intravenously because this route allows for rapid onset and precise control over the dosage. These medications act by competitively inhibiting acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle relaxation and paralysis. The intravenous route is particularly advantageous in surgical settings where quick and effective muscle relaxation is necessary.

Oral administration is not suitable for these agents since they would be broken down in the gastrointestinal tract before reaching the bloodstream. Similarly, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes are less optimal for the rapid effects desired with neuromuscular blockers, as they can lead to delayed onset compared to intravenous administration. This makes the intravenous route the preferred choice for anesthesia and critical care situations.