How do anticholinergics generally affect gastrointestinal motility?

Anticholinergic agents primarily work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the autonomic nervous system, particularly in promoting gastrointestinal motility. By inhibiting acetylcholine, these agents reduce the excitatory signals that stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, the overall effect is a decrease in gastrointestinal motility.

This decrease in motility can manifest as slowed movement of content through the digestive system, which may result in conditions such as constipation. The beneficial use of anticholinergic agents often lies in conditions where excessive motility is an issue, such as in cases of diarrhea or overactive gastrointestinal activity. Understanding this mechanism is essential for recognizing the therapeutic applications and side effects of anticholinergic medications within gastroenterology and pharmacology.