What are typical side effects associated with anticholinergic medications?

Anticholinergic medications work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various bodily functions, particularly in the autonomic nervous system. As a result, these medications lead to a range of side effects associated with decreased cholinergic activity.

The correct choice highlights several common side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and dizziness.

• Dry mouth occurs due to reduced saliva production, which is a direct effect of anticholinergic activity in the salivary glands.

• Blurred vision can result from pupil dilation (mydriasis) and accommodation issues, as acetylcholine is essential for controlling the muscles that adjust the lens of the eye.

• Constipation is connected to decreased gastrointestinal motility, since acetylcholine promotes peristalsis in the intestines.

• Urinary retention arises from the relaxation of the bladder detrusor muscle and increased contraction of the sphincter, making it more difficult to urinate.

• Dizziness can occur as a result of a variety of factors, including changes in blood pressure or central nervous system effects that can accompany anticholinergic usage.

These side effects are particularly significant in populations such as the elderly, who may be more