What is a common side effect of anticholinergic medications on the gastrointestinal system?

Anticholinergic medications are known to block the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors, which play a key role in the functioning of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. When these medications inhibit acetylcholine, one of the primary effects is decreased GI motility. This reduction in motility can lead to slower movement of food and waste through the intestines, causing constipation and other gastrointestinal disturbances.

The mechanism by which anticholinergic agents produce decreased motility involves the relaxation of smooth muscle in the GI tract, thereby reducing peristaltic activity. This is in stark contrast to the effects of cholinergic agents, which stimulate these processes. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for anticipating the side effects associated with anticholinergic medications, as alterations in GI motility can significantly impact a patient’s digestive health and comfort.

In contrast, options such as increased salivation and diarrhea are contrary to the effects typically observed with anticholinergic agents. These medications generally lead to dry mouth and constipation, rather than increased secretions or accelerated bowel movements.